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jj thomson biography
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Joseph John (J.J.) Thomson was born in Manchester on December 18, 1856. In 1870 he enrolled at Owens College Manchester and six years later entered Trinity College, University of Cambridge. He became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1880 and remained a member of the College for the rest of his life, assuming the post of Lecturer in 1883 and Master in 1918. He was appointed to Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics in 1884 at The University of Cambridge at just 28 years of age. His young age at the time was not without its critics. "Matters have come to a pretty pass when they elect mere boys Professors", one senior member of University is reported; others doubted his experience as an experimentalist. Thomson was reportedly clumsy with his hands and relied heavily on his assistants. He carried out most of his theoretical work at home on scrap paper. click here for an audio presentation ). This discovery was announced to the Royal Institution on Friday, April 30, 1897. He returned to the United States in 1904 to deliver six lectures on electricity and matter at Yale University. They contained some important suggestions as to the structure of the atom. He discovered a method for separating different kinds of atoms and molecules through the use of positive rays, an idea developed by his student Francis William Aston , in the discovery of isotopes. Thomson continued to be a prolific writer and authored "The Structure of Light" (1907), "The Corpuscular Theory of Matter" (1907), "Rays of Positive Electricity" (1913), "The Electron in Chemistry" (1923) and his autobiography, "Recollections and Reflections" (1936), among other publications. Nobel Prize for Physics in 1906 (read his Nobel Prize Speech here - Requires Adobe Acrobat ) and was knighted in 1908. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1884 and served as President from 1916-1920. Among his many awards were the Hodgkins Medal in 1902 from the Smithsonian Institute, Washington D.C. and the Dalton Medal in 1931 from Manchester. Thomson held honorary doctorate degrees from the Universities of Oxford, Dublin, London, Victoria, Columbia, Cambridge, Durham, Birmingham, Göttingen, Leeds, Oslo, Sorbonne, Edinburgh, Reading, Princeton, Glasgow, Johns Hopkins, Aberdeen, Athens, Cracow and Philadelphia. Nobel Prize for Physics in 1937 for "his experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals".
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